loneliness thematic statement

The process of thematic synthesis for reviewing is similar to that of grounded theory for primary data, in that a translation and interpretative account of the phenomena of interest is produced. A number of studies have qualitatively explored experiences of loneliness; however, the research lacks a comprehensive overview of these experiences. Humans are social creatures. Achterberg and colleagues [19] recently conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on experiences of loneliness in young people with depression. In line with the guidance from Haddaway and colleagues [25] on using Google Scholar for systematic review, a title-only search using the same search terms will be conducted and the first 1000 results will be screened for eligibility. The proposed systematic review will be reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement [22]. First of all, restate your thesis statement in a new way. The planned review will be reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement. Article Grey literature will be located through searches of Google Scholar, opengrey.eu, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and websites of specific loneliness organisations such as the Campaign to End Loneliness, managed in collaboration with an information specialist. Whilst primary empirical studies are not themselves extensive sources, with books in particular often offering rich descriptions of loneliness (see, e.g. Students can find guides on how to improve their writing and academic performance in general, get useful tips on making their study process more efficient, or learn how to deal with particular issues. This inferential process will be carried out through collaboration between the research team (primarily PMP and JG). Achterbergh L, Pitman A, Birken M, Pearce E, Sno H, Johnson S. The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. New York: Department for Culture Media and Sport; 2019.. Coyle CE, Dugan E. Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults. The speakers in such poems often reflect on their separation from others or being away from their loved ones. Cooke A, Smith D, Booth A. To the authors knowledge, the systematic review report on conceptual frameworks used in loneliness research [18], the meta-synthesis of loneliness in young people with depression [19], and the meta-ethnography of older adults loneliness [20] are the only such systematic reviews of qualitative literature regarding experiences of loneliness to date. Matthews T, Danese A, Wertz J, Odgers CL, Ambler A, Moffitt TE, et al. Its not surprising, considering that the 20th century witnessed fundamental changes in peoples lifestyle. This review protocol is being reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement [21] (see checklist in Additional file 1). The main values glorified in The Iliad and The Odyssey are honor, courage, and eloquence. The loneliness and isolation Grendel felt made him the monster he was, he desired to belong to the humans in the community but they isolated him. By using this website, you agree to our Lockwood C, Munn Z, Porritt K. Qualitative research synthesis: methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. In Of Mice and Men, it is not made noticeable that Lennie would be lonely. 2012;12(1):181. 2018;99:4152. I didn't know a sentence could be so full." Delia Owens, Where the Crawdads Sing. A literary work can reveal a person's thoughts on many issues. 2016;75:406. 2002;34(3):2139. World literature has numerous examples of characters who are disconnected from their loved ones or dont fit into the social norms. A connected society: a strategy for tackling loneliness laying the foundations for change. McKenna-Plumley, P.E., Groarke, J.M., Turner, R.N. 2018;17(1):1609406918768014. Quality of the included articles will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research [32]. When you have completed the rest of this page, come back here and write your theme She is always caring and respects the people around her. people receiving cancer treatment, people living with specific mental health conditions, and people on long-term sick leave), and placed central importance on the concepts, models, theories, and frameworks of loneliness utilised in research. The main difference lies in the agent who imposes isolation on the person: Aside from forced and voluntary, isolation can be physical or emotional: These two forms are often interlinked, like in A Rose for Emily. J Gerontol Soc Work. Loneliness: Miss Brill's loneliness is suggested by her actions and the way she reflects on her life. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Cite this article. We will include empirical studies published in English including any qualitative study design (e.g. Is there a relationship between loneliness and psychotic experiences? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Setting, Conflict: Man vs. Society, conflict man vs. man and more. The integration of these information technologies and communication in homes seems unstoppable, serving us this data as an indicator of the capacity for acceptance and assimilation technology of society. et al. "'They left all the weak ones here,' she said finally." (Steinbeck 77) Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a story of two friends departing to work on a ranch. Then he married Hecuba. Kent-Marvick J, Simonsen S, Pentecost R, McFarland MM. There is also an overall rating of confidence: high, moderate, low, or very low. CAS Everyone is contained in their tiny little spaces, rarely interacting with one another and yet, loneliness is rampant in the courtyard. I get awful lonely. The loneliness within a person can take a negative toll on their life and overall wellbeing. CAS New places always provide important lessons as the new place have different meaning and routine of working and people have to adjust according to the demanding time and requirement of the new place.This thing sometimes becomes hectic and adjustable, but . In a sense, every literary work makes a statement or has a point. Pauline Phillips once said "Loneliness is the ultimate poverty." Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men agrees with her statement, the book clearly projects the message of the awfulness of loneliness. Accordingly, this approach will be used in the present research. Gregors family isolates him both as a human and an insect, refusing to recognize his personhood. In this fragment, Gregors lifestyle is described with a couple of strokes. One could say it is the author's interpretation of life that they wrote to share with others. PMP will also undertake abstract screening to exclude any which are found to be irrelevant or inapplicable to the inclusion criteria. These three qualities were held as the best characteristics a person could have. In focusing on qualitative work, the planned review may also identify processes relevant to loneliness which are not expressed by statistical models. Their state of mind always comes with sadness and a low self-esteem. By providing a thorough overview of how loneliness is experienced, we expect that the findings from the planned review will be informative and useful for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians who work with and for people experiencing loneliness, as well as for these individuals themselves, to better understand this important, prevalent, and often misunderstood phenomenon. The third is the theme of loneliness, and it is with the implications of this theme that I wish A draft search strategy for MEDLINE is provided in Additional file 2. 2012;22(10):142534. Tong A, Flemming K, McInnes E, Oliver S, Craig J. The Theme of Loneliness in the Novella "Of Mice and Men" by . 2015;4(1):1. Enjoy these short depression quotes that beautifully sum up depression's feelings and symptoms in a few words. streetcar named desire williams presents feelings of loneliness at different points in the play through the use of different characters. The upset of doing business is much worse than the actual business in the home office, and, besides,Ive got the torture of traveling, worrying about changing trains, eating miserable food at all hours,constantly seeing new faces, no relationships that last or get more intimate. A recent systematic review report [18] has explored the conceptualisations of loneliness employed in qualitative research, finding that loneliness tended to be defined as social, emotional, or existential types. In this way, it may also provide a starting point for more nuanced qualitative work with specific populations and circumstances to ascertain components which may be characteristic of certain experiences. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Google Scholar. Nature as beauty. It's a state of aloneness in which you truly feel cut off from others because of your location or emotions, and its psychological toll can be devastating. 2015;13(3):17987. It shows that he lived an empty, superficial life without meaningful relationships. This inductive creation of codes should allow the content and meaning of each sentence to be captured. Correspondence to Moreover, there has been an increase in research output regarding loneliness in recent years, and relevant studies may have been published since this review was conducted (e.g. Moreover, by focusing on lifespan non-clinical research, we aim to offer a general synthesis which can in future be informed by insights from clinical groups, rather than subsuming and potentially obscuring the aspects of loneliness which might be unique to them. If one theme can be thought of as defining the plot and symbolism of Of Mice and Men, that theme is loneliness.In many ways, from the outspoken to the subtle (such as Steinbeck's decision to set the novel near Soledad, California, a town name that means "solitude" in Spanish), the presence of loneliness defines the actions of the Click to visit thematic statement. Information on author, publication year, geographic location of study, methodological approach, method, population, participant demographics, and main findings will be extracted to understand the basis of each study. Moreover, test searches employing the search strategy retrieved all of seven informally identified likely eligible articles indexed in Scopus, indicating good sensitivity of the strategy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x. J Psychol. This will allow for a more holistic understanding of the lived experience of loneliness which can inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working in this important area. After the synthesis is complete, a sensitivity analysis will be undertaken in which any low-quality studies (as identified through the JBI checklist) are excluded from the analysis to assess whether the synthesis is altered when these studies are removed, in terms of any themes being lost entirely or becoming less rich or thick [42]. Their distinct mindset sets them apart from their social circle. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach [44, 45] will be used to assess how much confidence can be placed in the findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis. Liesel is specially kind to Max, and the two share a strong bond. The prologue-like opening "The Book of the Grotesque" gives the reader a first look of what makes the people in the stories lonely: "They were all grotesques. Meta-ethnography: synthesizing qualitative studies (vol. "Love is a powerful force that should not be taken for granted.". Theme statements about love. There are a number of limitations to the planned research. Another facet of being alone that is often explored in literature is alienation. 2017;100(1):7692. 2005;41(3):22333. Famous German physician Albert Schweitzer said, "We are all so much together, but we are all dying of loneliness." In the novel Of Mice and Men, written during the Great Depression, loneliness is a very important theme. Consequently, the theme of alienation and comradeship found reflection in the works of Ernest Hemingway, Erich Maria Remarque, Norman Mailer, and Rebecca West, among others. Loneliness research is often weighted towards investigations of older adults, despite the fact that the prevalence of loneliness is high across the lifespan; recent UK research found a prevalence of 40% in 16- to 24-year-olds and 27% in people over 75 [7]. Harmonising this research by looking closely at how people describe their experiences of loneliness and working from the bottom-up to create a fine-grained view of what makes up these experiences will provide a more holistic understanding of loneliness and how it might best be defined and ameliorated. Social isolation does not necessarily beget loneliness, and indeed, Hawkley and Cacioppo [3] remark on how humans can perceive meaningful social relationships where none objectifiably exist, such as with God, or where reciprocity is not possible, such as with fictional characters. She thinks about her students and a man whom she reads to; these details reveal that she does not have a lot of interactions with friends or family. A theme is an idea that runs throughout a text. As the findings are specific to experiences in this population, they may not reflect those of wider age groups or individuals who do not have depression. We will create an Loneliness One of the themes explored in the short story "The Outsider" by H.P. This attention is well placed given that loneliness has been designated as a significant public health issue in the UK [] and is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes [2,3,4,5] and an increase in risk of death similar to that of smoking [].In light of this, it is concerning that recent research has . We will search multiple electronic databases from their inception onwards: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Sociological Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, CINAHL, and the Education Resource Information Center. Heath G, Farre A, Shaw K. Parenting a child with chronic illness as they transition into adulthood: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of parents experiences. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Lets analyze several quotes from The Metamorphosis to see how Kafka approached the theme of isolation. For example, Miss Maudie Atkinson, one of the minor characters, always wants everyone to be treated fairly and equally. An evaluation of sensitivity analyses in two case study reviews. Achilles killed his eldest son, Hector, who Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student, and it doesnt matter if its their first or last year of studying. He thought back on his family with deep emotion and love. Writing Thematic Statements Start by determining several abstract words to express the primary ideas of the work (topics that the work is really about). It takes place in Soledad, California during the era termed the Great Depression. 2015;6(2):14954. Symbols of Death in Literature: Examples & Meanings. Int J Qual Methods. Syst Rev 9, 284 (2020). His conviction that he would have to disappear was, if possible, even firmer than his sisters. The report, shared earlier this month, details "record-high levels" of violence, sadness, and suicide risk among American teenage girls and those in the LGBTQ+ community. Writing Insightful Theme Statements A theme statement should be a complete sentence about the main idea of a work. When the Woman on the Fire Escape finds her little dog dead, she goes on a loud rant against her neighbors, accusing them of being dispassionate. The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all live in a constant struggle against loneliness. The town's name, not accidentally, means "solitude" or "alone." Also, the others' reactions to George and Lennie traveling together reinforces that, in Steinbeck's world, traveling with someone else . In this quote, Steinbeck describes several dimensions of isolation suffered by his characters: Candys loneliness on the ranch becomes highly pronounced during his conflict with Carlson. School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK, Phoebe E. McKenna-Plumley,Jenny M. Groarke&Rhiannon N. Turner, Department of Sociology, Durham University, 29-32 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN, UK, You can also search for this author in Steinbeck shows how this feeling makes people mean, reckless, and cold. PRESS Guideline Search Submission & Peer Review Assessment. Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. PLoS Med. Loneliness is the core of a broken soul. Institute JB. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Oppression of women. 3. The search strategy has been peer reviewed using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) checklist [26]. The title of the novel was meant to indicate to its readers in 1949 that the story represented a real possibility for the near future: if totalitarianism were not opposed, the title suggested, some variation of the world described in the novel could become a reality in only thirty-five years. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual [41] also notes that thematic synthesis is useful when considering shared elements across studies which are otherwise heterogenous, which is likely to be the case in this review given that the common factor (experiences of loneliness) may be present across studies with otherwise diverse populations and methodologies. Mansfield L, Daykin N, Meads C, Tomlinson A, Gray K, Lane J, Victor C. A conceptual review of loneliness across the adult life course (16+ years): synthesis of qualitative studies: What Works Wellbeing, London; 2019. The current systematic review will utilise thematic synthesis as a methodology to create an overarching understanding of the experiences of loneliness described across studies. [28, 29]). Once he has created the Monster, Frankenstein becomes even more alienated from the . Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As all our Nonnatus House favorites headed to the church to watch Trixie become Mrs. Alyward, Shelagh Turner, Dr. Patrick Turner and their son Timothy ( Max McMillan) raced to . It first emerged in the 16th century and has undergone many transformations since then. relevant questions are present in an appended interview guide). The exclusion criteria are as follows: Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria described in Table 1, Studies which report solely on objective phenomena such as social isolation rather than the subjectively perceived experience of loneliness, Studies in which the primary focus or one of the primary focuses is not experiences of loneliness. PubMed Lets see how this concept differs from those we discussed previously. PubMed This coming-of-age story deals with themes like loneliness, isolation, depression, society, sex, innocence, and loss, making it relatable to people across the decades. That means that you have to simplify the meaning somewhat to get it into a single sentence, but nevertheless, your theme statement itself should make a point. Soilemezi D, Linceviciute S. Synthesizing qualitative research: reflections and lessons learnt by two new reviewers. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. And evaluate how they are crafting their thematic . Int J Evid Based Healthc. Grab the Code Savikko N, Routasalo P, Tilvis RS, Strandberg TE, Pitkl KH. The decision to exclude articles which do not primarily or equally focus on these experiences was made in order to gather meaningful data about loneliness experiences specifically and to capture experiences identified as loneliness by participants as much as possible, rather than related phenomena which may be grouped and labelled retrospectively as loneliness by researchers. A free-text search to capture perceived social isolation was included as this specific term is used by some authors as a direct synonym for loneliness. Based on a national youth survey of high school students in the fall of 2021, the report states that nearly 3 in 5 U.S. teen girls or 57% felt persistently sad or . Isolation can be voluntary or happen for external reasons beyond the persons control. Metaphorically, isolation may mean hiding unshared emotions. Qual Health Res. View Shemar Jones - Developing Themes Statement for Of Mice and Men.docx from ENGLISH 242 at Bryant High School. Countless characters in Of Mice and Men have . The. read analysis of Loneliness, Melancholy, and Happiness Kindness, Empathy, and Friendship In Cannery Row, Steinbeck examines the nature of kindness, eventually suggesting that Doc 's selflessness and empathy are rare. It shows the depth of emotional suffering that alienation can impose. Loneliness is a growing epidemic among the elderly population, predominantly in Western Culture where elders are often placed in nursing homes, excluding them from their community. He lacks deep, rewarding relationships in his life. PMP wishes to acknowledge the funding received from the Northern Ireland and North East Doctoral Training Partnership, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council with support from the Department for the Economy Northern Ireland. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The exclusion from the rest of the community pushed him into becoming a hideous and cruel beast with a hard heart and thirst to kill humans. Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. London: Academic; 1981. p. 3156. An insightful theme statement tells readers clearly and concisely what they may learn from a careful reading of the literature. If youve got a task to write an essay about loneliness and isolation, its vital to pick the right topic. BMC Med Res Methodol. Loneliness is often used as a theme in stories of people unable to build relationships with others. So, he prefers to confine himself to voluntary isolation instead of seeking help. 2019 Available from: https://wiki.joannabriggs.org/display/MANUAL/2.4+The+JBI+Approach+to+qualitative+synthesis. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series. Loneliness is a dominant theme in "Of Mice and Men". The epic poems refer to the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greek history. Finally, full-text versions of the remaining articles will be read by PMP to assess whether they are suitable for inclusion in the final review. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh; 2016. BMC Psychiatry. On the ranch, they are either isolated from the other ranchers or from people who they are similar to. On the most obvious level, we see this isolation when the ranch hands go into town on Saturday night to ease their loneliness with alcohol and women. 2. In this quote, Victor shares his fear of loneliness. Being alone despite Being Surrounded. Thesis statement about technology. I get awful lonely." George Loneliness Quote 1 "Guys like us who work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world, they ain't got no family, they don't belong no place." George Loneliness Quote 2 The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Writers with unique, non-conforming identity are often alienated during their lifetime. The proposed systematic review will contribute to our knowledge of loneliness by clarifying how it is subjectively experienced across the lifespan. Loneliness has been conceptualised as having three key aspects: 'emotional loneliness' (the absence of close attachment with another significant person or persons); 'social loneliness' (the lack of integration into social networks) and 'existential loneliness' (stemming from the realisation that a human being is fundamentally alone) [ 10, 11 ]. For the thematic synthesis, in line with Thomas and Harden [30], all text labelled as results or findings will be extracted and entered into the NVivo software for analysis. He knows that being different will inevitably affect his life and his relationships with his family. Reflections on the present state of loneliness research. 2018;13(1):2. Lim MH, Rodebaugh TL, Zyphur MJ, Gleeson JF. Tip #2: Read, Write, and Find Ways to Express Yourself. When the novella begins, George and Lennie are sitting by the side of the road, and Lennie is petting a dead mouse (he loves to feel soft materials). Loneliness is a uniquely painful feeling that exudes an aura of emptiness, in which plagues its victims. Whilst we expect that this would concern emotional, social, and cognitive components of the experience, we understand that these findings may also come to reflect perceived causes or effects of loneliness. 2010;25(2):45363. Naturally, it causes profound emotional suffering. Those who dont fit in that established order and feel their individuality are erased from society. In the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, this theme of loneliness is explored extensively. By including non-clinical populations of all ages, this research will provide an essential view of loneliness experiences across different life stages. He adores the small creature, but he accidentally kills it by stroking it too strongly. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 1. Google Scholar. The reason is that he is an old man afraid of being disposed of. The episode is an in-depth look into a society that doesnt cherish human relationships, focusing only on a persons practical utility. Abstract words describe concepts or ideas that exist only in our minds like disillusionment, survival, oppression, cruelty, sacrifice, hubris, identity. She is even separated from the reader; we never learn her first name. This systematic review and thematic synthesis will clarify how loneliness is subjectively experienced across the lifespan in the general population. PMP and JG were responsible for the conception and design of the study. He reconciles with his metamorphosis and agrees to disappear from this world. Before moving forward, all text referred to by each code will be rechecked to ensure consistency in what is considered a single code or whether more levels of coding are required. Composing it is all about chipping away all the external scaffolding of plot, characters and specifics to reveal the hidden inner message that forms the substratum of the entire work. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. You have made a good start in saying that loneliness leads to despair and desperation. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. social engagement) was considered and tested extensively through scoping searches and discussion with an information specialist.
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