why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. - death of henry II. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. 2) This war was not a success. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. - navy to firth of Forth. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. Manage Settings With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Student / Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Boston Spa, There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. France was at war with England and Spain. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . and reversing the religious settlement. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. 214 High Street, Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. West Yorkshire, . Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her The English also had better tactics that were more effective. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Become a Member | The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 LS23 6AD Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Boston House, There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet LS23 6AD Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. 214 High Street, English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. Those who refused this were sent to prison. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. . The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History migration? Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Topic guides / English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. 1. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. The invasion failed, however. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. Company Reg no: 04489574. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. As such, I disagree with the statement. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. Boston Spa, What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. Born: 7 September 1533. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Henry himself gave people cause . She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. By 1568 most people had accepted. Elizabeth I: a biography. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Boston House, Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. JPs provided the able-bodied with raw materials (like wool) to make items to sell. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! One was debt. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there.

San Antonio Zoo Hippo Painting For Sale, Tesco Pregnancy Test Positive After 10 Minutes, Webster Parish School Board Parent Center, City Of Liberty Hill Design Standards, Aston Villa Hooligans, Articles W