why was henry vii called the winter king

These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Henry VIII Books livestream YouTube 18 February 2023, February 13 A queen and her lady-in-waiting are beheaded. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. Martin Luther 95 thesis. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. Wolf Hall this is not. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. : (April 25, 1883. Consultant editor for the. Thank you for subscribing. Henry VII - History Learning Site He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. 8 Things You May Not Know About Henry VIII - HISTORY So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. 1517. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. This definitely was not that. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. No. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Backdating Henry's Reign. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. Together, they had seven children. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Henry VIII was spring and Henry VII was winter. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Not only was . [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Up to a point, he succeeded. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. This is why he named the book the Winter King. ), The Reign of Henry VII. Henry was a remarkable man. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. I couldn't even stay awake reading this. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). What old December's bareness every where! Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. This revived an earlier practice of using a small (and trusted) group of the Privy Council as a personal or Prerogative Court, able to cut through the cumbersome legal system and act swiftly. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. This was excellent. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. [2] His father died three months before his birth. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose.

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